ABSTRACT
Background: H. pylori-associated gastritis in patients from the high-altitude area of Ladakh showed severe gastritis, mucosal nodularity, atrophy, and cancer in comparison to those from North India. This study served to analyze if differences in the H. pylori virulence genotypes decide the extent of gastric mucosal inflammation. Methods: Fifty gastric biopsies each from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis from Ladakh and a tertiary care center in North India were included. The presence of H. pylori strain was confirmed with Warthin starry stain and polymerase chain amplification of the H. pylori-specific 16S rRNA. The cagA, vacA s1, s2, and m1, m2 alleles, and dupA virulence genotypes were studied in all archival samples, followed by their histological correlations. Results: cagA (P 0.009) and vacAs1 m1 (P 0.009) genes were distinctly more in H. pylori strains colonizing the biopsies of North Indian patients. In contrast, the cagA -ve vacAs2 m2 strains were significantly more in H. pylori strain colonizing the biopsies from Ladakhi patients. dupA genotype was almost similarly present in strains from both regions. Among these, only cagA and dupA virulence genes were associated with severe mucosal neutrophilic activity and deep infiltration of H. pylori strains in North Indian patients. Conclusions: Differences in virulence genotypes of H. pylori in gastric biopsies from North Indian and Ladakhi patients were found not significant in deciding the severity of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
ABSTRACT
Siddha system of medicine is a traditional medicinal system followed in South India. In a human body imbalance of humours causes various diseases with major symptoms. We found out the disease by the signs of symptoms and curable by Siddha medicines. Purgation is one of the major treatments of Siddha system. Purgation medically induced elimination of stools to calm down excessive vitiated Dosha. Though purgation is used in modern system it is mainly confined to gastro intestinal diseases. But in Siddha system purgation is used in first line of treatment for many diseases. In this article, purgation based on medicines, various methods of purgation, procedures of purgation, different diseases, contra indications, signs and symptoms of inadequate purgation, excessive purgation and complication and dietary regimens is explained in a holistic manner. Siddha literature and published papers were explored to found the rationale of purgation treatment. Purgation is one of the advisable therapies for chronic diseases. Purgative medicines making in the form of Kudineer, Kuzhambu and oil. Agasthiyar Kuzhambu is essentially for purgation treatment. This medicine helps to cure fifty four various diseases like fever, cough, bleeding piles etc.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) are a unique group of neoplasms with diverse morphology and immunophenotypic characteristics, coexpressing sex cord, epithelial, and smooth-muscle markers. To date, less than 100 cases have been reported and there is paucity of data concerning their clinical behavior. Materials and Methods: All cases of uterine body tumors diagnosed over a period of two and a half years (2016-2018) were retrieved. Histopathological features were reviewed and extended panel of immunohistochemistry was performed to identify cases of UTROSCTs. Results: Six cases of UTROSCTs were identified with a median age of 46.5 years. Four of them presented with menorrhagia, while two with postmenopausal bleeding including one with a history of carcinoma breast. Three of these cases were initially misdiagnosed as endometrial stromal sarcoma and adenocarcinomas. They all underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Conclusion: It is considered a tumor with low malignant potential; however, one out of six cases (16.7%) in our study showed metastasis, within 1 year of diagnosis. It is important to recognize this entity as it mimics a wide range of both benign and malignant tumors. Molecular pathogenesis and exact management protocols remain elusive due to rarity,hence, multi-institutional studies are warranted.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gracilis muscle being easily accessible and functionally a weak muscle is suitable for muscle graft to replace the damaged muscle in any part of the body. The length of the muscle, vascular pedicles and limited donor site morbidity helps the surgeon to plan accordingly. The muscle receives a number of vascular pedicles ranging from one to five. The source of these pedicles varies. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 36 formalin fixed lower limbs of both sexes of unknown age from the department of Anatomy, BMCRI, Bangalore. Results and Discussion: In 75% of limbs two vascular pedicles were seen penetrating the muscle at different levels and in 25% accessory pedicles were seen in the lower 2/3rd of the muscle. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the first vascular pedicle to the muscle is always constant in position accompanied by its venae comitans and branch from obturator nerve and is placed at a distance of 10.5cms±2cms from the pubic tubercle.
ABSTRACT
Background: Lateral pterygoid muscle plays an important role in the mandibular movements and dynamics of temporomandibualr joint. Anterior displacement of the disc and temporomandibular dysfunction has been related to the insertion of upper head of LPM in the TMJ disc. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on forty specimens from formalin fixed cadavers in the department of Anatomy , BMCRI, Bangalore. Results and Discussion: In 72.5% of cases the upper head of LPM insert to the disc and blend with the capsule and lower head inserts to the inferior aspect of the disc, to the capsule and the condyle of mandible. Conclusion: Though there is no clear demarcation between the heads of LPM majority of the upper fibers insert to the disc and to the capsule.
ABSTRACT
Background: Variation in the branching pattern of aortic arch occurs as a result of developmental changes involved in the transformation of the embryonic pharyngeal arch system of arteries into the adult arterial pattern. Materials and Method: During routine dissection for first MBBS in the department of Anatomy BMCRI, Bangalore, it was observed that both the common carotid arteries were absent in a 45 year old male. Result: Both external carotid arteries originated from the right brachiocephalic trunk. (Innominate artery). The right internal carotid artery originated from the distal part of right brachiocephalic trunk and left internal carotid artery from the aortic arch along with the left vertebral artery. The study reports the division of brachiocephalic artery into right and left external carotid artery, right internal carotid artery and right subclavian artery. Discussion: The variation occurs as a result of increased absorption of third and fourth aortic arches into the aortic sac. Conclusion: These kind of variations should be well known by the surgeons before attempting any surgeries or during four vessel angiography.
ABSTRACT
Background:The study of Dorsalis pedis artery and variations in its branching pattern has been reported sporadically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the arterial supply on the dorsum of the foot. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on forty two dissected limbs of unknown sex and age from the department of Anatomy,BMCRI,Bangalore. Results and Discussion:The incidence of classical text book description was found to be very less in the present study. In 16.67% of cases the arcuate artery was completely absent, which was compensated by two large lateral tarsal arteries that provided the dorsal metatarsal arteries. In 9.52% of cases the dorsalis pedis artery was absent. Conclusion:The findings suggest that the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot has a poor nourishment.